The stability of live-attenuated viruses is very challenging due to thermal sensitivity; therefore, solid form is usually required (often freeze-dried products). Micropellet technology is a lyophilization technology that has the potential to provide greater flexibility in the presentation of a given vaccine particularly in multi-dose format or in combination of different vaccines. As a novel vaccine alternative process, this spray freeze-dried (SFD) micropellet technology was evaluated using as a model a yellow fever virus produced in Vero cells (vYF) …
Current legislation about goods carriage (ADR – Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) sets the determination of several parameters related to the conditions of the used containers. Several of these parameters are required for the substance classification and the definition of the precautions to be adopted during transportation. One of the main potential hazards during freight is related to the thermal decomposition of the substance. Testing for the identification of decomposition in the carriage conditions can be time consuming and expensive, therefore different solutions have been attempted to simulate thermal behaviour of chemical compounds during transportation …
Kinetic parameters of the decomposition of hazardous chemicals can be applied for the estimation of their thermal behavior under any temperature profile. Presented paper describes the application of the advanced kinetic approach for the determination of the thermal behavior also under adiabatic conditions occurring e.g. in batch reactors in case of cooling failure. The kinetics of the decomposition of different samples (different manufacturers and batches) of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol were investigated by conventional DSC in non-isothermal (few heating rates varying from 0.25 to 8.0 K/min) and isothermal (range of 200-260°C) modes …
An adiabatic calorimeter is very often used for the investigation of runaway of exothermic reactions. However the ideal adiabatic environment is a theoretical state which during laboratory scale testing cannot be obtained but may only be approached. Deviation from the fully adiabatic state comes from (i) the thermal inertia of the test system or heat lost into the sample container and (ii) the loss of heat from the container itself to the environment that reflects the ‘operational adiabaticity’ of the instrument…
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