The stability of live-attenuated viruses is very challenging due to thermal sensitivity; therefore, solid form is usually required (often freeze-dried products). Micropellet technology is a lyophilization technology that has the potential to provide greater flexibility in the presentation of a given vaccine particularly in multi-dose format or in combination of different vaccines. As a novel vaccine alternative process, this spray freeze-dried (SFD) micropellet technology was evaluated using as a model a yellow fever virus produced in Vero cells (vYF) …
Current legislation about goods carriage (ADR – Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) sets the determination of several parameters related to the conditions of the used containers. Several of these parameters are required for the substance classification and the definition of the precautions to be adopted during transportation. One of the main potential hazards during freight is related to the thermal decomposition of the substance. Testing for the identification of decomposition in the carriage conditions can be time consuming and expensive, therefore different solutions have been attempted to simulate thermal behaviour of chemical compounds during transportation …
When determining Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperatures (SADT) for shipment purposes, the kinetics of the decomposition reaction of the materials must be known. The simplified models assuming the first order decomposition kinetics are generally applied, however this traditional approach fails in correct SADT determination for autocatalytic and multistage overlapped reactions. For these cases a more universal, yet easily implemented, advanced method will be presented in which the detailed kinetic mechanism does not need to be known to correctly predict SADT …
Kinetic parameters of the decomposition of hazardous chemicals can be applied for the estimation of their thermal behavior under any temperature profile. Presented paper describes the application of the advanced kinetic approach for the determination of the thermal behavior also under adiabatic conditions occurring e.g. in batch reactors in case of cooling failure. The kinetics of the decomposition of different samples (different manufacturers and batches) of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol were investigated by conventional DSC in non-isothermal (few heating rates varying from 0.25 to 8.0 K/min) and isothermal (range of 200-260°C) modes …
The exothermic decomposition parameters of a single-base propellant were obtained using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) tests conducted at various heating rates. The DSC signals were processed using the Friedman isoconversional method to compute activation energy as a function of conversion. There was excellent agreement between the experimental and the simulation plots, which confirms the validity of the kinetic model used to describe the propellant’s exothermic decomposition. The kinetic parameters and heat balance were subsequently analyzed and used for a simulation of cookoff experiments conducted at different experimental rates (heating rates 3.3 – 1.0 K/h and a heat-wait-search mode) …
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